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Tesis (Ingeniero Agroindustrial) -- UACh. Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, 2012

Bibliografía: hojas 100-109

Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron evaluar el control de la actracnosis en mango (Mangifera indica Var. Ataulfo) con aceite esencial del árbol del té (Melaleuca alternifolia), determinar la dosis óptima del aceite y comparar su efectividad con el producto químico benlate. Se evaluaron seis tratamientos: Aceite esencial del árbol del té (TTO) a 2,000, 1,500 y 1,000 ppm; benlate a 1,000 ppm; testigo absoluto y un testigo sin inoculo. Se realizaron dos experimentos: El primero bajo condiciones ambientales (23°c) y refrigeración (13°C). A los frutos se les realizó 4 heridas mediante punción en las que se les inoculó Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (2,5X106 esporas/ml) y se almacenaron durante 14 y 24 días respectivamente, período durante el cual se evaluaron las siguientes variables: sólidos solubles totales (SST), acidez titulable, ablandamiento en pulpa, color, porcentaje de pérdida de peso, e incidencia y severidad de la actracnosis en los frutos. En el segundo experimento a condiciones ambientales, los frutos fueron inoculados con una solución de esporas del hongo y se almacenaron por 12 días, se evaluaron las mismas variables que en el experimento uno. Los resultados indicaron que el producto químico benlate fue el más efectivo en el control de la antracnosis en el experimento uno a condiciones ambientales, mostró una disminución de la actracnosis de 9.88%. En condiciones de refrigeración, el TTO a 2000 ppm redujo 10.56% la enfermedad, seguido del benlate con un 8.09%. En el experimento dos con el benlate se redujo la severidad de la actracnosis en un 21% seguido del TTO a 5000 ppm con 2.88%. El aceite esencial del árbol del té resultó ser menos efectivo que el benlate en el control de antracnosis, la dosis óptima del TTO para el control de la antracnosis en frutos de mango Ataulfo está entre 1,500 y 2000 ppm.

The objectives of this research were to evaluate antracnose (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) control in mango (Mangifera indica) with the use of tea tree essential oil (Melaleuca alternifolia), in order to determinate the optimum dose of tea tree oil and compare its effectiveness with the chemical product named Benlate. Six treatments were evaluated: Tea tree essential oil treatment (TTO) at 2.000, 1.500 and 1.000 ppm; Benlate treatment at 1.000 ppm; absolute control and control without inoculums treatment were made. Two experiments were made: the first one under environment conditions (23 C) and cooling conditions (13 C). Fruits were sting by four injuries in order to inoculate them with Colletotrichum gloeosporiodes (2.5X106 spores/ml) and were stored during 14 and 24 days respectively. During this time, the following variables were evaluated: total soluble solids (TSS), titrability acidity, softening and color of pulp, percentage of weight loss and incidence and severity of actracnose damage in fruits. In the second experiment, under environmental conditions, fruits were inoculated with spores solution and stored for 12 days, and they were evaluated using the same variables as used in experiment one. The results indicated that chemical Benlate treatment was more effective in controlling antracnose damage than in the experiment under environment conditions, so it showed a decrease of 9.88% of actracnose damage. However TTO at 2000 ppm reduced damage 10.56% and this treatment was followed by benlate treatment with 8.09% of damage. At experiment two with benlate use, severe damage of antracnose was reduced in 21%, and TTO at 5000 ppm was focused with 2.88% of damage. Tea tree oil treatment was less effective than benlate treatment to antracnose control. Best dose to diminish antracnose damage in Ataulfo mango is located between 1500 and 2000 ppm range with benlate treatment.